WMO OSCAR | Application Area: 2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction

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Application: 2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction

Details

Name	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction
Description	High-resolution (HR) Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) focuses on observing systems required by high-resolution NWP models producing forecasts of meteorological events with a 1-5 km horizontal resolution, 6 hours to a few days ahead. Such forecasts are more detailed than those available from global models, due to more realistic descriptions of atmospheric phenomena such as clouds and precipitation. The added detail is made possible by a finer computational grid on a specific area, more detailed specification of terrain, more sophisticated prescription of physical processes mainly based on explicit rather than parameterised formulations, and, importantly, denser and more frequent observations (with respect to global NWP) to specify appropriately detailed initial conditions.
Organization	World Meteorological Organization
Focal Point	Magnus Lindskog magnus.lindskog@smhi.se
Earth System Application Category	2. Atmospheric Applications

Variables measured in this Application Area

Subdomain	Variables
Basic atmospheric	Air pressure (near surface) Air specific humidity (near surface) Air temperature (near surface) Atmospheric temperature Specific humidity Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) Wind (horizontal) Wind (vertical) Wind speed (near surface) Wind vector (near surface)
Clouds and precipitations	Accumulated precipitation Cloud base height Cloud cover Cloud drop effective radius Cloud ice Cloud ice Total Column Cloud liquid water (CLW) Cloud liquid water (CLW) total column Cloud top height Cloud type Precipitation intensity at surface (liquid or solid) Precipitation intensity at surface (solid) Precipitation type at the surface Total lightning stroke density Cloud to Ground lightning density
Aerosols and radiation	Earth surface albedo Fraction of Absorbed PAR (FAPAR) Long-wave Earth surface emissivity Upward short-wave irradiance at TOA Upward long-wave irradiance at TOA
Ocean	Dominant wave direction Dominant wave period Sea surface temperature Significant wave height
Land surface	Land surface temperature Leaf Area Index (LAI) Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Snow cover Snow water equivalent Soil moisture at surface
Atmospheric chemistry	O3 O3 Total Column
Sea Ice	Sea-ice cover Sea-ice surface temperature Sea-ice thickness

Requirements defined for 2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (58)

This tables shows all related requirements. For more operations/filtering, please consult the full list of Requirements
Note: In reading the values, goal is marked blue, breakthrough green, threshold orange
Application-dependent Technical Priority (ATP) Magenta and Relative priority of the attributes Red

Id	Variable	Layer	App Area	Uncertainty	Stability / decade	Hor Res	Ver Res	Obs Cyc	Timeliness	Coverage	Conf Level	Val Date	Source	General Comment
334	Accumulated precipitation	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 mm 2 mm 5 mm		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		30 min 2 h 6 h	6 h 9 h 24 h	Global	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
335	Air pressure (near surface)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 hPa 0.6 hPa 1 hPa		2 km 10 km 40 km		30 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2010-02-01	T Montmerle	The increase of horizontal resolutions is justified by the fact that forecast errors of surface pressure in HR NWP models have larger horizontal correlations than the other classical variables.
337	Air specific humidity (near surface)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	2 g kg^-1 5 g kg^-1 10 g kg^-1		1 km 5 km 20 km		10 min 30 min 2 h	10 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2019-12-04	JF Mahfouf
338	Air temperature (near surface)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 K 0.8 K 2 K		1 km 5 km 20 km		10 min 30 min 2 h	10 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2010-02-01	JF Mahfouf
339	Atmospheric temperature	FT	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 K 1 K 3 K		1 km 5 km 25 km	0.3 km 0.45 km 1 km	15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2014-03-12	T Montmerle
340	Atmospheric temperature	UTLS	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 K 1 K 3 K		10 km 25 km 100 km	1 km 1.5 km 3 km	15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
341	Atmospheric temperature	PBL	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 K 1 K 3 K		0.5 km 2 km 10 km	0.1 km 0.25 km 1 km	15 min 60 min 3 h	10 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2019-12-04	T Montmerle
342	Cloud base height	n/a (2D)	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.1 km 0.25 km 0.5 km		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2014-03-12	T Montmerle
343	Cloud cover	TrC	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 8 % 20 %		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 30 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	tentative	2010-02-01	T Montmerle
344	Cloud drop effective radius	Cloud-top	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 μm 2 μm 5 μm		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
345	Cloud ice	FT	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 8 % 20 %		0.5 km 2 km 10 km	0.1 km 0.17 km 0.5 km	15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2014-03-12	T Montmerle
346	Cloud ice	PBL	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 8 % 20 %		0.5 km 2 km 10 km	0.1 km 0.17 km 0.5 km	15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-07-28	T Montmerle
347	Cloud ice Total Column	TC	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	10 g.m^-2 13 g.m^-2 20 g.m^-2		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	speculative	2010-02-01	T Montmerle
348	Cloud liquid water (CLW)	FT	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 8 % 20 %		0.5 km 2 km 10 km	0.1 km 0.17 km 0.5 km	15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2014-03-12	T Montmerle
349	Cloud liquid water (CLW)	PBL	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 8 % 20 %		0.5 km 2 km 10 km	0.1 km 0.17 km 0.5 km	15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-07-28	T Montmerle
350	Cloud liquid water (CLW) total column	TC	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	10 g.m^-2 20 g.m^-2 50 g.m^-2		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	speculative	2010-02-01	T Montmerle
354	Cloud top height	n/a (2D)	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.2 km 0.5 km 1 km		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 30 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
355	Cloud type	n/a (2D)	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction			0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 30 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	tentative	2010-02-01	T Montmerle
356	Dominant wave direction	Sea surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	10 deg. 15 deg. 30 deg.		5 km 10 km 40 km		30 min 3 h 6 h	6 min 30 min 3 h	Global ocean	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
357	Dominant wave period	Sea surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.25 s 0.5 s 1 s		5 km 10 km 40 km		30 min 3 h 6 h	6 min 30 min 3 h	Global ocean	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
358	Earth surface albedo	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 10 % 20 %		0.5 km 4 km 10 km		60 min 3 h 12 h	60 min 3 h 12 h	Global land	reasonable	2019-12-04	T Montmerle
359	Fraction of Absorbed PAR (FAPAR)	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 10 % 20 %		1 km 5 km 20 km		12 h 24 h 2 d	24 h 3 d 7 d	Global land	reasonable	2011-07-29	JF Mahfouf
360	Land surface temperature	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 K 1 K 3 K		1 km 5 km 20 km		15 min 30 min 2 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global land	reasonable	2019-12-04	JF Mahfouf
361	Leaf Area Index (LAI)	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 10 % 20 %		1 km 5 km 40 km		12 h 24 h 2 d	24 h 3 d 7 d	Global land	tentative	2011-07-29	JF Mahfouf
362	Long-wave Earth surface emissivity	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 % 1 % 3 %		1 km 5 km 20 km		60 min 3 h 12 h	60 min 3 h 12 h	Global land	reasonable	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
363	Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 10 % 20 %		1 km 5 km 40 km		12 h 24 h 2 d	24 h 3 d 7 d	Global land	reasonable	2011-07-29	JF Mahfouf
364	O3	FT	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 Dimentionless (mol/mol) 10 Dimentionless (mol/mol) 20 Dimentionless (mol/mol)		5 km 20 km 100 km	1 km 1.4 km 3 km	15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
365	O3	UTLS	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 Dimentionless (mol/mol) 10 Dimentionless (mol/mol) 20 Dimentionless (mol/mol)		5 km 20 km 100 km	1 km 1.4 km 3 km	15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
366	O3	PBL	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 Dimentionless (mol/mol) 10 Dimentionless (mol/mol) 20 Dimentionless (mol/mol)		5 km 20 km 100 km	1 km 1.4 km 3 km	15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
367	O3 Total Column	TC	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 10 % 20 %		2 km 10 km 40 km		30 min 2 h 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
368	Precipitation intensity at surface (liquid or solid)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.1 mm/h 0.2 mm/h 1 mm/h		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 30 min 2 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	reasonable	2019-12-04	T Montmerle
369	Precipitation intensity at surface (solid)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.1 mm/h 0.2 mm/h 1 mm/h		0.5 km 2 km 10 km		15 min 30 min 2 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	tentative	2019-12-04	T Montmerle
370	Sea surface temperature	Sea surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.3 K 0.5 K 1 K		1 km 5 km 20 km		60 min 2 h 6 h	30 min 60 min 6 h	Global ocean	firm	2011-08-04	JF Mahfouf
371	Sea-ice cover	Sea surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 10 % 20 %		5 km 10 km 40 km		60 min 3 h 12 h	60 min 2 h 6 h	Global ocean	reasonable	2011-07-29	JF Mahfouf
372	Sea-ice surface temperature	Sea surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 K 1 K 4 K		5 km 10 km 40 km		60 min 3 h 12 h	60 min 3 h 12 h	Global ocean	tentative	2011-07-29	JF Mahfouf
373	Sea-ice thickness	Sea surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	20 cm 50 cm 100 cm		2 km 10 km 40 km		12 h 24 h 2 d	12 h 24 h 3 d	Global ocean	speculative	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
374	Significant wave height	Sea surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.1 m 0.3 m 0.5 m		5 km 10 km 40 km		30 min 3 h 6 h	10 min 30 min 3 h	Global ocean	firm	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
375	Snow cover	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 % 15 % 20 %		1 km 5 km 20 km		60 min 3 h 12 h	60 min 3 h 12 h	Global land	reasonable	2010-02-01	JF Mahfouf
376	Snow water equivalent	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 mm 8 mm 20 mm		0.5 km 2 km 20 km		60 min 3 h 6 h	60 min 3 h 24 h	Global land	tentative	2010-02-01	JF Mahfouf
377	Soil moisture at surface	Land surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.02 m³ /m³ 0.04 m³ /m³ 0.08 m³ /m³		1 km 5 km 40 km		60 min 3 h 6 h	30 min 60 min 6 h	Global land	reasonable	2011-07-29	JF Mahfouf
378	Specific humidity	FT	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	2 g kg^-1 5 g kg^-1 10 g kg^-1		2 km 10 km 30 km	0.3 km 0.4 km 1 km	15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
379	Specific humidity	PBL	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	2 g kg^-1 5 g kg^-1 10 g kg^-1		0.5 km 5 km 20 km	0.1 km 0.2 km 1 km	15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
380	Integrated Water Vapour (IWV)	TC	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 kg.m^-2 2 kg.m^-2 5 kg.m^-2		0.5 km 5 km 20 km		15 min 60 min 6 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2010-02-01	T Montmerle
381	Upward short-wave irradiance at TOA	TOA	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 W/m² 10 W/m² 20 W/m²		2 km 10 km 50 km		30 min 60 min 6 h	60 min 3 h 12 h	Global	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
382	Upward long-wave irradiance at TOA	TOA	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	5 W/m² 10 W/m² 20 W/m²		2 km 10 km 50 km		30 min 60 min 6 h	60 min 3 h 12 h	Global	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
383	Wind (horizontal)	FT	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 m.s^-1 3 m.s^-1 8 m.s^-1		2 km 10 km 20 km	0.5 km 0.7 km 1 km	15 min 60 min 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
384	Wind (horizontal)	UTLS	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 m.s^-1 3 m.s^-1 5 m.s^-1		10 km 25 km 100 km	1 km 2 km 5 km	30 min 60 min 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
385	Wind (horizontal)	PBL	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 m.s^-1 2 m.s^-1 5 m.s^-1		0.5 km 2 km 10 km	0.1 km 0.2 km 0.4 km	15 min 60 min 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	firm	2014-03-12	T Montmerle
386	Wind (vertical)	FT	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 cm.s^-1 2 cm.s^-1 5 cm.s^-1		5 km 10 km 20 km	0.5 km 0.65 km 1 km	15 min 60 min 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	speculative	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
387	Wind (vertical)	UTLS	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 cm.s^-1 2 cm.s^-1 5 cm.s^-1		10 km 25 km 100 km	2 km 3 km 5 km	30 min 60 min 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	speculative	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
388	Wind (vertical)	PBL	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 cm.s^-1 2 cm.s^-1 5 cm.s^-1		0.5 km 2 km 10 km	0.1 km 0.25 km 0.5 km	15 min 60 min 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	tentative	2011-07-29	T Montmerle
389	Wind speed (near surface)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 m/s 1 m/s 3 m/s		0.5 km 5 km 20 km		30 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global land	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
390	Wind speed (near surface)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 m/s 1 m/s 3 m/s		0.5 km 5 km 20 km		30 min 3 h 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global ocean	firm	2011-08-04	T Montmerle
391	Wind vector (near surface)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 m/s 1.077 m/s 5 m/s		2 km 10 km 40 km		30 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global land	firm	2011-02-01	T Montmerle
392	Wind vector (near surface)	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	0.5 m/s 1.077 m/s 5 m/s		2 km 10 km 40 km		30 min 3 h 12 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global ocean	firm	2011-02-01	T Montmerle
683	Precipitation type at the surface	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction			0.25 km 1.5 km 5 km	0.1 0.2 0.4	15 min 60 min 3 h	15 min 30 min 2 h	Global	tentative	2011-07-29	T Montmerle	- Accuracy difficult to quantify - Resolutions in km - should be a 3D variable, considering that precipitation types can be determined by polarimetric radars
855	Cloud to Ground lightning density	Near Surface	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 Dimensionless 3 Dimensionless 15 Dimensionless	1 %/decade 3 %/decade 15 %/decade	1 km 3 km 15 km		30 sec 5 min 15 min	30 sec 5 min 15 min	Global	firm	2020-12-19	T Montmerle	Originally from P. Ambrosetti
856	Total lightning stroke density	TrC	2.2 High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction	1 Dimensionless 3 Dimensionless 15 Dimensionless	1 % 3 % 10 %	1 km 3 km 15 km		30 sec 5 min 15 min	30 sec 5 min 30 min	Global	firm	2019-12-04	T Montmerle	Originally from P. Ambrosetti