BackForwardApplication: 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring

Details
Name 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring
Description The WMO-IOC-UNEP-ICSU Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) is an internationally coordinated network of global observing systems for climate, designed to meet the requirements for climate observations, which are essential to climate monitoring. Climate observations are fundamental to detect, model and assess climate change, support adaptation to climate change, monitor the effectiveness of policies for mitigating climate change, develop climate information services, promote sustainable national economic development and meet other requirements of the UNFCCC and other convention and agreements.
Corresponding Institution Global Climate Observing System
Contact
Person 		GCOS Secretariat
Earth System Application Category 2. Atmospheric Applications
Variables measured in this Application Area
Subdomain Variables
Basic atmospheric
Clouds and precipitations
Aerosols and radiation
Ocean
Land surface
Atmospheric chemistry
Sea Ice

Requirements defined for 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring  (87)

This tables shows all related requirements. For more operations/filtering, please consult the full list of Requirements
Note: In reading the values, goal is marked blue, breakthrough green, threshold orange
Application-dependent Technical Priority (ATP) Magenta and Relative priority of the attributes Red

Id Variable Layer App Area ATP Uncertainty Layer/s Quality Coverage Quality Stability / decade Hor Res Ver Res Obs Cyc Timeliness Coverage Conf Level Val Date Source General Comment Application Area Comment Horizontal Coverage Comment Observation Comment Performance Comment
865 N2O 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring Global firm AOPC
878 CO2 column average dry air mixing ratio 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring Global firm AOPC
887 CH4 column average dry air mixing ratio 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring Global firm AOPC
896 NO2 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring Global firm AOPC
900 HCHO Total Column 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring Global firm AOPC
906 SO2 Total Column 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring Global firm GAW Expert Team on Atmospheric Composition Network Design and Evolution
768 Wind speed (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.5 m/s 0.05 m/s 10 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
773 Precipitation intensity at surface (liquid or solid) Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.5 mm/h 0.02 mm/h 25 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for observing cycle are monthly (resolving diurnal cycles and with statistics of three-hour values)
774 Air temperature (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.1 K 0.02 K 10 km 60 min Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
775 Air pressure (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.1 hPa 0.02 hPa 10 km 60 min Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
776 Relative Humidity (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 % 0.5 % 10 km 60 min Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
777 Dew Point Temperature Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.1 K 0.02 K 10 km 60 min Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
778 Atmospheric temperature FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.5 K 0.05 K 25 km 1 km 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
779 Atmospheric temperature UTLS 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.5 K 0.05 K 100 km 2 km 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
780 Atmospheric temperature MUS
M 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.2 K 0.02 K 100 km 5 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. This variable is defined as temperature of deep atmospheric layers. Requirements for observing cycle are monthly averages
781 Wind (horizontal) MUS
UTLS
FT
PBL
M 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 2 m.s-1 0.5 m.s-1 10 km 0.5 km 60 min Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. The variable defined in the GCOS IP is 'upper-air wind retrievals'
784 Upward long-wave irradiance at TOA TOA 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 W/m2 0.2 W/m2 100 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for observing cycle are monthly (resolving diurnal cycle).
785 Upward short-wave irradiance at TOA TOA 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 W/m2 0.3 W/m2 100 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for observing cycle are monthly (resolving diurnal cycle).
786 Downward short-wave irradiance at TOA TOA 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) No requirements are given for this variable as units in the GCOS IP do not match the ones in OSCAR/requirements
787 Downward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 W.m-2 0.2 W.m-2 100 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for observing cycle are monthly (resolving diurnal cycle).
788 Downward short-wave irradiance at Earth surface Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 W.m-2 0.2 W.m-2 100 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for observing cycle are monthly (resolving diurnal cycle).
789 Relative humidity FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 % 0.3 % 25 km 2 km 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
790 Relative humidity UTLS 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 % 0.3 % 100 km
200 km 		2 km 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
791 Cloud cover UTLS 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
792 Cloud top temperature Cloud-top 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 K
5 K 		0.25 K 50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
793 Cloud optical depth TC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Units for uncertainty and stability in the IP are different than the ones in OSCAR/requirements
794 Cloud liquid water (CLW) FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 25 % 5 % 50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. In GCOS IP cloud water path includes liquid and ice
795 Cloud drop effective radius FT
PBL
Cloud-top 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 μm 1 μm 50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Note that the name of the variable in the GCOS IP is: cloud effective particle radius (liquid and ice)
796 CO2 FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 km
10 km 		5 m 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Uncertainty and stability requirements in the GCPOS IP have different units than in the OSCAR/requirements
797 CH4 FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 km
10 km 		5 m 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Uncertainty and stability requirements in the GCPOS IP have different units than in the OSCAR/requirements
798 CH4 UTLS 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 100 km
200 km 		2 m 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
800 CO2 Tropospheric Column TrC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in ppm
801 CH4 Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in ppb
802 O3 Total Column TC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 2 % 1 % 20 km
50 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is mex(2%:5DU)
803 NO2 Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 20 molecules/cm2 2 molecules/cm2 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is expressed as max(20%;0.03 DU)
804 SO2 Tropospheric Column TrC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 30 % 5 % (stability/decade) 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is expressed as max (30%; 0.04 DU)
805 HCHO Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 30 molecules/cm2 5 molecules/cm2 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is expressed as max (30%; 0.04 DU)
806 CO Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 20 % 2 % 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is expressed as max (20%; 20 DU)
807 Aerosol Optical Depth FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.03 Dimensionless 0.02 Dimensionless 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is expressed as max (0.03; 10%)
808 Aerosol single-scattering albedo n/a (2D) 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.03 dimensionless 0.01 dimensionless 5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)
809 Aerosol Layer Height n/a (2D) 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 km 0.5  5 km
10 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)
810 Aerosol Extinction Coefficient FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.1 m-1 0.2 m-1 200 km
500 km 		1 km
2 km 		7 d Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for vertical resolution in the GCOS IP is 1km near tropopause and 2 km in mod-stratosphere
812 O3 FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 20 km
50 km 		5 km 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
813 O3 UTLS 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 100 km
200 km 		1 km
2 km 		4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in OSCAR/requirements
814 O3 MUS
M 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 100 km
200 km 		3 km 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
815 CO FT
PBL 		2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 km 5 km 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
817 Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) TC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 25 km 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
818 River discharge Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
819 Lake area Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 20 m 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
820 Lake level Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 3 cm
10 cm 		1 cm 0.1 km Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. The uncertainty is 3 cm for large lakes and 10 cm for the remainder.
821 Lake Surface Temperature Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 K 0.1 K 0.3 km 7 d Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
822 Soil moisture (in the roots region) Root 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.04 m3 /m3 0.01 m3 /m3 1 km
25 km 		24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for stability in the GCOS IP are specified per year.
823 Soil moisture at surface Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.04 m3 /m3 1 km
25 km 		24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement.
824 Snow cover Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 % 4 % 0.1 km
1 km 		24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
825 Snow water equivalent Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 mm 10 mm 1 km 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
826 Glacier cover Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 % 15 m
30 m 		1 y Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
827 Fraction of Absorbed PAR (FAPAR) Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 % 3 % 0.05 km
0.2 km
0.5 km 		24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
828 Leaf Area Index (LAI) Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 15 % 10 % 0.05 km
0.25 km 		24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
829 Earth surface albedo Near Surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 % 1 % 0.05 km
0.2 km
0.5 km 		24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
830 Land surface temperature Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 K 0.1 K 1 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
831 Biomass Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 t/ha
50 t/ha 		0.5 km
1 km 		1 y Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
832 Land cover Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 m
250 m
1000 m 		1 y
5 y
10 y 		Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
833 Fire fractional cover Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 %
10 % 		0.25 km
1 km
3 km 		60 min
6 h 		Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
834 Fire radiative power Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.0005 kW*m-2 0.25 km
1 km
3 km 		60 min
6 h 		Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
835 Sea surface temperature Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.1 K 0.03 K 1 km
100 km 		60 min
7 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
836 Ocean temperature Upper oc 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.01 K 1 km
10 km 		60 min
30 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
837 Sea surface salinity Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.01 psu 0.001 psu 1 km
100 km 		60 min
30 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
838 Ocean salinity Upper oc 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.01 psu 1 km
10 km 		60 min
30 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
839 Ocean surface currents (vector) Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 cm/s 30 km 60 min
7 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
840 Ocean velocity Upper oc 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 2 cm/s 1 km
10 km 		60 min
7 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
841 Ocean dynamic topography Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.2 cm
0.4 cm 		0.03 cm 10 km
100 km 		7 d
30 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
842 Coastal sea level (tide) Bulk 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 cm 0.1 cm 10 km 60 min
7 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
843 Significant wave height Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.1 m 0.05 m 25 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
844 Wind stress Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.01 Pa
4 Pa 		10 km
100 km 		60 min
30 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
845 Sea surface heat flux Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 W/m2
15 W/m2 		1 W/m2
2 W/m2 		1 km
25 km 		60 min
30 d 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
846 Sea-ice cover Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 % 5 % 1 km
15 km 		7 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
847 Sea-ice thickness Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 cm 25 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
848 Sea-ice motion Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 1 km*d-1 5 km 7 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
849 Ocean subsurface dissolved oxygen concentration Bulk 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.5 10 -6 Mol. Kg^-1   
2 10 -6 Mol. Kg^-1    		3 degrees
20 degrees 		7 d
10 y 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
850 pCO2 Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 2 microatm 500 km
1000 km 		7 d
10 y 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS IP are goal values.
851 Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) Bulk 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 2.0E-6 Mol. Kg-1 1000 km
2000 km 		10 y Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
852 Ocean subsurface tracers Bulk 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.005 %
0.5 % 		1000 
2000  		1 y
10 y 		Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
853 Water-leaving spectral radiance Sea surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 5 % 4  24 h Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
854 Ocean chlorophyll concentration Bulk 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 4 km 7 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Uncertainty in GCOS IP is expressed in a different unit
858 Cloud top pressure Cloud-top 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 15 hPa
50 hPa 		3 hPa
15 hPa 		50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2020-03-05 AOPC GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)
860 Snow depth Land surface 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 0.1 cm 0.1 cm 1 km 24 h Global reasonable 2020-03-05 TOPC GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)
859 Total lightning density TrC 2.5 Armospheric Climate Forecasting and Monitoring 10 km 24 h Global tentative 2020-03-05 AOPC GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)