BackForwardApplication: 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring

Details
Name 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring
Description This AA covers the set of atmospheric observations defined by Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) as essential to detect, model and assess climate change and its impact; support adaptation to climate change; monitor the effectiveness of policies for mitigating climate change; and develop climate information services.
Organization Global Climate Observing System
Focal
Point
Caterina Tassone
Earth System Application Category 2. Atmospheric Applications
Variables measured in this Application Area
Subdomain Variables
Basic atmospheric
Clouds and precipitations
Aerosols and radiation
Ocean
Land surface
Atmospheric chemistry
Sea Ice

Requirements defined for 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring  (111)

This tables shows all related requirements. For more operations/filtering, please consult the full list of Requirements
Note: In reading the values, goal is marked blue, breakthrough green, threshold orange
Application-dependent Technical Priority (ATP) Magenta and Relative priority of the attributes Red

Id Variable Layer App Area ATP Uncertainty Layer/s Quality Coverage Quality Stability / decade Hor Res Ver Res Obs Cyc Timeliness Coverage Conf Level Val Date Source General Comment Application Area Comment Horizontal Coverage Comment Observation Comment Performance Comment
768 Wind speed (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 m/s
0.5 m/s
1 m/s
0.5
0.1 m/s
0.25 m/s
0.5 m/s
0.5
10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
60 min
3 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for temporal resolution is sub-hourly
774 Air temperature (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 K
0.5 K
1 K
0.5
0.01 K
0.05 K
0.1 K
0.5
10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
60 min
3 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Temporal resolution goal is sub-hourly. Required for derivation of extreme indices.
775 Air pressure (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.5 hPa
1 hPa
1 hPa
0.5
0.02 hPa
0.1 hPa
0.2 hPa
0.5
10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
776 Relative Humidity (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.5 %
2.5 %
5 %
0.5
0.05 %
0.25 %
0.5 %
0.5
10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
60 min
3 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for temporal resolution is sub-hourly
777 Dew Point Temperature Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 K
0.5 K
1 K
0.5
0.01 K
0.05 K
0.1 K
0.5
10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
60 min
3 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for temporal resolution is sub-hourly
778 Atmospheric temperature PBL 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 K
0.5 K
1 K
0.5
0.01 K
0.05 K
0.1 K
0.5
15 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
0.001 km
0.01 km
0.1 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
60 min
3 h
24 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for temporal resolution: Sub-hourly. A typical 4D-Var timeslot length, a subdivision into which observations are grouped for processing (ECMWF 2018)
779 Atmospheric temperature UTLS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 K
0.5 K
1 K
0.5
0.01 K
0.02 K
0.05 K
0.5
15 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
0.025 km
0.1 km
0.25 km
0.5
60 min
12 h
24 h
0.5
60 min
3 h
6 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
780 Atmospheric temperature MUS
M
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 K
0.5 K
1 K
0.5
0.05 K
0.1 K
0.2 K
0.5
50 km
100 km
1500 km
0.5
0.5 km
1 km
3 km
0.5
60 min
12 h
24 h
0.5
60 min
3 h
6 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-05 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
781 Wind (horizontal) PBL 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.5 m.s-1
3 m.s-1
5 m.s-1
0.5
0.1 m.s-1
0.3 m.s-1
0.5 m.s-1
0.5
15 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
0.01 km
0.1 km
0.5 km
0.5
30 min
60 min
12 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for vertical resolution is 1m for the lowermost part of the boundary layer (up to 100 m above the ground) Breakthrough for vertical resolution is 10m for the lowermost part of the boundary layer (up to 100 m above the ground) Goal for temporal is 1 min for the lowermost part of the boundary layer (up to 100 m above the ground)
784 Upward long-wave irradiance at TOA TOA 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.2 W/m2
0.5 W/m2
1 W/m2
0.5
0.05 W/m2
0.1 W/m2
0.2 W/m2
0.5
10 km
50 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
785 Upward short-wave irradiance at TOA TOA 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.2 W/m2
0.5 W/m2
1 W/m2
0.5
0.06 W/m2
0.15 W/m2
0.3 W/m2
0.5
10 km
50 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
786 Downward short-wave irradiance at TOA TOA 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.04 W.m-2
0.08 W.m-2
0.12 W.m-2
0.5
0.01 W.m-2
0.02 W.m-2
0.04 W.m-2
0.5
10 km
50 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
24 h
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
787 Downward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 W.m-2
5 W.m-2
10 W.m-2
0.5
0.2 W.m-2
0.5 W.m-2
10 W.m-2
0.5
10 km
50 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5

30 d
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
788 Downward short-wave irradiance at Earth surface Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 W.m-2
5 W.m-2
10 W.m-2
0.5
0.2 W.m-2
0.5 W.m-2
1 W.m-2
0.5
10 km
50 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5

30 d
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
789 Relative humidity PBL 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 %
0.5 %
1 %
0.5
0.1 %
0.5 %
1 %
0.5
15 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
0.001 km
0.01 km
0.1 km
0.5
30 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
60 min
5 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-09 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Units for uncertainty and stability are %RH GOAL for temporal resolution is sub-hourly
790 Relative humidity UTLS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.5 %
1 %
2 %
0.5
0.5 %
0.5 %
2 %
0.5
15 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
0.01 km
0.1 km
0.25 km
0.5
3 h
6 h
24 h
0.5
60 min
5 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-09 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Units for uncertainty and stability are %RH Goal for stability is < 0.5%RH
791 Cloud cover 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 3 %
6 %
12 %
0.5
0.3 %
0.6 %
1.2 %
0.5
25 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
3 h
12 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
792 Cloud top temperature Cloud-top 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 2 K
4 K
8 K
0.5
0.2 K
0.4 K
0.8 K
0.5
25 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
3 h
12 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
793 Cloud optical depth TC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 20 dimless
40 dimless
80 dimless
0.5
2 dimless
4 dimless
8 dimless
0.5
25 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
3 h
12 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
795 Cloud drop effective radius 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 μm
2 μm
4 μm
0.5
0.1 μm
0.2 μm
0.4 μm
0.5
25 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
3 h
12 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Definition in GCOS-244: Ratio of integral of water droplets size distribution in volume divided by integral in area (µm). Requirements for uncertainty and stability are for cloud drop effective radius as water. For ice apply factor 2
796 CO2 mole fraction 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 ppm
0.2 ppm
0.5 ppm
0.5
0.1 ppm
0.1 ppm
0.3 ppm
0.5
100 km
500 km
2000 km
0.5
100 m
1000 m
3000 m
0.5
60 min
24 h
7 d
0.5
24 h
30 d
180 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirement for uncertainty is at 2-sigma
797 CH4 mole fraction 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 ppb
2 ppb
5 ppb
0.5
1 ppb
1 ppb
3 ppb
0.5
100 km
500 km
2000 km
0.5
100 m
1000 m
3000 m
0.5
60 min
24 h
7 d
0.5
24 h
30 d
180 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are at 2-sigma
802 O3 Total Column TC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 %
2 %
3 %
0.5
1 %
2 %
3 %
0.5
20 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirement for uncertainty at 2-sigma
803 NO2 Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 10 km
30 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
24 h
7 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty at 2-sigma. For uncertainty and stability requirements see notes requirements for uncertainty: G:max(20%,1E15) B: max(40%,2E15) T: max(100%,5E15) Stability: G:max(4%,1E15) B:max(8%,1E15) T: max(20%,1E15)
804 SO2 Tropospheric Column TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 10 km
30 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
24 h
7 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirement for uncertainty are for 2-sigma. For values of uncertainty and stability see notes Uncertainty - G:max (30%,6E15) B;max(60%,12E15) T: max(100%,20E15) Stability: G: max(6%,1.2E15 T:max(12%,2.4E15) Bmax(20%, 4E15)
805 HCHO Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 10 km
30 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
24 h
7 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirement for uncertainty are at 2-sigma. For values see comments Uncertainty: Goal: max (20%,8E15) B: max(40%,16E15) T: max(100%,40E15) Stabilitiy: G: max (4%,8E15) B:max(8%,8E15) T:max(20%,8E15) molecules cm-2
808 Aerosol single-scattering albedo 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 %
0.2 %
0.4 %
0.5
0.1 dimensionless
0.4 dimensionless
1 dimensionless
0.5
50 km
200 km
500 km
0.5
1 km
5 km
14 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
24 h
7 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are at 2-sigma
815 CO UTLS
FT
PBL
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 ppb
5 ppb
10 ppb
0.5
1 ppb
1 ppb
3 ppb
0.5
10 km
30 km
100 km
0.5
1 km
3 km
5 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
24 h
7 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are at 2-sigma Goal for stability less than 1ppb
817 Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) TC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 kg.m-2
0.5 kg.m-2
1 kg.m-2
0.5
0.1 kg.m-2
0.2 kg.m-2
0.5 kg.m-2
0.5
25 km
250 km
1000 km
0.5
12 min
60 min
24 h
0.5
24 h
5 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
865 N2O mole fraction MUS
UTLS
FT
PBL
M
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.05 ppb
0.1 ppb
0.3 ppb
0.5
0.05 ppb
0.05 ppb
0.2 ppb
0.5
100 km
500 km
2000 km
0.5
0.1 km
1 km
3 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
7 d
0.5
24 h
30 d
180 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Uncertainty specified at 2-sigma
878 CO2 column average dry air mixing ratio 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring Global firm AOPC
887 CH4 column average dry air mixing ratio 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring Global firm AOPC
896 NO2 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring Global firm AOPC
900 HCHO Total Column 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring Global firm AOPC
906 SO2 Total Column 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring Global firm GAW Expert Team on Atmospheric Composition Network Design and Evolution
983 Wind direction (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 degrees
5 degrees
10 degrees
0.5
1 degrees
2 degrees
5 degrees
0.5
10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
60 min
3 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for temporal resolution is sub-hourly
984 Wind vector (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 m/s
0.5 m/s
1 m/s
0.5
0.1 m/s
0.25 m/s
0.5 m/s
0.5
10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
60 min
3 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for temporal resolution is sub-hourly
985 Air specific humidity (near surface) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 10 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
60 min
3 h
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for temporal resolution sub-hourly
988 Wind (horizontal) FT 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 m.s-1
3 m.s-1
5 m.s-1
0.5
0.1 m.s-1
0.3 m.s-1
0.5 m.s-1
0.5
15 km
100 km
1000 km
0.5
0.01 km
0.1 km
1.5 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
989 Wind (horizontal) UTLS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 m.s-1
3 m.s-1
5 m.s-1
0.5
0.1 m.s-1
0.3 m.s-1
0.5 m.s-1
0.5
15 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
0.025 km
0.1 km
0.5 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
992 Wind (vertical) PBL 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.5 cm.s-1
1 cm.s-1
1.5 cm.s-1
0.5
0.05 cm.s-1
0.1 cm.s-1
0.15 cm.s-1
0.5
15 km
200 km
500 km
0.5
0.01 km
0.1 km
0.5 km
0.5
30 min
60 min
12 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Goal for vertical resolution is 1m for the lowermost part of the boundary layer (up to 100 m above the ground) Goal for temporal resolution is 1 min for the lowermost part of the boundary layer (up to 100 m above the ground)
993 Wind (vertical) FT 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.5 cm.s-1
1.5 cm.s-1
2.5 cm.s-1
0.5
0.05 cm.s-1
0.15 cm.s-1
0.25 cm.s-1
0.5
15 km
200 km
1000 km
0.5
0.01 km
0.1 km
1.5 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
994 Wind (vertical) UTLS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.5 cm.s-1
1.5 cm.s-1
2.5 cm.s-1
0.5
0.05 cm.s-1
0.15 cm.s-1
0.25 cm.s-1
0.5
15 km
200 km
500 km
0.5
0.025 km
0.1 km
0.5 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
995 Wind (vertical) MUS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 cm.s-1
3 cm.s-1
5 cm.s-1
0.5
0.05 cm.s-1
0.15 cm.s-1
0.25 cm.s-1
0.5
50 km
200 km
3000 km
0.5
0.5 km
2 km
3 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
24 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
996 Wind (vertical) M 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 2 cm.s-1
6 cm.s-1
10 cm.s-1
0.5
0.1 cm.s-1
0.2 cm.s-1
0.3 cm.s-1
0.5
50 km
200 km
3000 km
0.5
1 km
2 km
3 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
24 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
997 Relative humidity FT 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 %
0.5 %
1 %
0.5
0.1 %
0.5 %
1 %
0.5
15 km
100 km
1000 km
0.5
0.01 km
0.1 km
1 km
0.5
30 min
6 h
12 h
0.5
60 min
5 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-09 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Units for uncertainty and stability are %RH Goal for temporal resolution is Sub-hourly
1000 Radiation profile 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 W/m2
0.2 W/m2
0.4 W/m2
0.5
0.025 W/m2
0.05 W/m2
0.1 W/m2
0.5
10 km
50 km
100 km
0.5
1 km
2 km
4 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-28 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Values given for uncertainty and stability are for shortwave radiation. A factor of two is considered for longwave radiation
1001 Solar spectral irradiance 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Refer to GCOS Publication (GOS-245) for spectral resolution
1002 Cloud top height 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.3 km
0.6 km
1.2 km
0.5
0.03 km
0.06 km
0.12 km
0.5
25 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
3 h
12 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-04-27 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
1003 Accumulated precipitation Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 mm
2 mm
5 mm
0.5
0.02 mm
0.05 mm
0.1 mm
0.5
50 km
125 km
250 km
0.5
24 h
30 d
1 y
0.5
24 h
7 d
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-02 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma. Temporal Resolution: For goal: daily aggregation over period which defines the upper limit of temporal sampling For breakthrough: monthly aggregation over period which defines the upper limit of temporal sampling For threshold: aggregation over period which defines the upper limit of temporal sampling
1010 O3 mole fraction FT 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 2  %
5  %
10  %
0.5
1  %
2  %
3  %
0.5
1 km
20 km
100 km
0.5
1000 m
3000 m
5000 m
0.5
60 min
6 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are at 2-sigma Goal for uncertainty less than 1%
1012 O3 mole fraction UTLS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 2  %
5  %
10  %
0.5
1  %
2  %
3  %
0.5
10 km
50 km
200 km
0.5
500 m
1000 m
3000 m
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty at 2-sigma
1013 O3 mole fraction MUS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 5  %
10  %
15  %
0.5
1  %
2  %
3  %
0.5
20 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
1000 m
3000 m
10000 m
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
4 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty at 2-sigma
1014 O3 Tropospheric Column TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 5 %
10 %
15 %
0.5
1 %/decade
2 %/decade
3 %/decade
0.5
5 km
20 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
30 d
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are at 2-sigma
1015 O3 Stratospheric Column 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 %
3 %
5 %
0.5
1 %/dacade
2 %/dacade
3 %/dacade
0.5
20 km
100 km
500 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5
6 h
24 h
30 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-03 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty at 2-sigma
1016 Atmospheric temperature FT 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 K
0.5 K
1 K
0.5
0.01 K
0.02 K
0.05 K
0.5
15 km
100 km
1000 km
0.5
0.01 km
0.1 km
1 km
0.5
60 min
12 h
24 h
0.5
60 min
3 h
6 h
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-05 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are at 2-sigma
1017 Wind (horizontal) MUS
M
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 m.s-1
5 m.s-1
10 m.s-1
0.5
0.1 m.s-1
0.5 m.s-1
1 m.s-1
0.5
50 km
100 km
3000 km
0.5
1 km
2 km
3 km
0.5
60 min
6 h
24 h
0.5
6 h
18 h
2 d
0.5
Global firm 2023-05-05 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma
773 Precipitation intensity at surface (liquid or solid) Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 mm/h 0.02 mm/h 25 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for observing cycle are monthly (resolving diurnal cycles and with statistics of three-hour values)
794 Cloud liquid water (CLW) FT
PBL
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 25 % 5 % 50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. In GCOS IP cloud water path includes liquid and ice
798 CH4 mole fraction UTLS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 100 km
200 km
2 m 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-25 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
800 CO2 Tropospheric Column TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 km
10 km
4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in ppm
801 CH4 Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 km
10 km
4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in ppb
806 CO Tropospheric column TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 20 ppb 2 % 5 km
10 km
4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is expressed as max (20%; 20 DU)
807 Aerosol Optical Depth FT
PBL
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.03 Dimensionless 0.02 Dimensionless 5 km
10 km
4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for uncertainty in the GCOS IP is expressed as max (0.03; 10%)
809 Aerosol Layer Height n/a (2D) 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 1 km 0.5  5 km
10 km
4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)
810 Aerosol Extinction Coefficient FT
PBL
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.1 m-1 0.2 m-1 200 km
500 km
1 km
2 km
7 d Global reasonable 2019-09-26 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirement for vertical resolution in the GCOS IP is 1km near tropopause and 2 km in mod-stratosphere
812 O3 FT
PBL
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 20 km
50 km
5 km 4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
813 O3 UTLS 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 100 km
200 km
1 km
2 km
4 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in OSCAR/requirements
814 O3 MUS
M
2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 100 km
200 km
3 km 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-27 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are expressed in different units than in the OSCAR/Requirements
818 River discharge Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
819 Lake area Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 20 m 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
820 Lake level Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 3 cm
10 cm
1 cm 0.1 km Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. The uncertainty is 3 cm for large lakes and 10 cm for the remainder.
821 Lake Surface Temperature Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 1 K 0.1 K 0.3 km 7 d Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
822 Soil moisture (in the roots region) Root 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.04 m3 /m3 0.01 m3 /m3 1 km
25 km
24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for stability in the GCOS IP are specified per year.
823 Soil moisture at surface Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.04 m3 /m3 1 km
25 km
24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement.
824 Snow cover Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 % 4 % 0.1 km
1 km
24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
825 Snow water equivalent Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 10 mm 10 mm 1 km 24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
826 Glacier cover Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 % 15 m
30 m
1 y Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
827 Fraction of Absorbed PAR (FAPAR) Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 10 % 3 % 0.05 km
0.2 km
0.5 km
24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
828 Leaf Area Index (LAI) Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 15 % 10 % 0.05 km
0.25 km
24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
829 Earth surface albedo Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 % 1 % 0.05 km
0.2 km
0.5 km
24 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
830 Land surface temperature Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 1 K 0.1 K 1 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
831 Biomass Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 10 t/ha
50 t/ha
0.5 km
1 km
1 y Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
832 Land cover Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 10 m
250 m
1000 m
1 y
5 y
10 y
Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Requirements for uncertainty and stability in the GCOS IP are specified in different units than in OSCAR/requirement
833 Fire fractional cover Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 %
10 %
0.25 km
1 km
3 km
60 min
6 h
Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
834 Fire radiative power Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.0005 kW*m-2 0.25 km
1 km
3 km
60 min
6 h
Global reasonable 2019-09-30 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
835 Sea surface temperature Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.1 K 0.03 K 1 km
100 km
60 min
7 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
836 Ocean temperature Upper oc 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.01 K 1 km
10 km
60 min
30 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
837 Sea surface salinity Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.01 psu 0.001 psu 1 km
100 km
60 min
30 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
838 Ocean salinity Upper oc 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.01 psu 1 km
10 km
60 min
30 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
839 Ocean surface currents (vector) Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 cm/s 30 km 60 min
7 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
840 Ocean velocity Upper oc 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 2 cm/s 1 km
10 km
60 min
7 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
841 Ocean dynamic topography Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 0.2 cm
0.4 cm
0.03 cm 10 km
100 km
7 d
30 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
842 Coastal sea level (tide) Bulk 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 cm 0.1 cm 10 km 60 min
7 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
843 Significant wave height Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.1 m 0.05 m 25 km 3 h Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
844 Wind stress Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.01 Pa
4 Pa
10 km
100 km
60 min
30 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
845 Sea surface heat flux Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 10 W/m2
15 W/m2
1 W/m2
2 W/m2
1 km
25 km
60 min
30 d
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
846 Sea-ice cover Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 % 5 % 1 km
15 km
7 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
847 Sea-ice thickness Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 10 cm 25 km 30 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
848 Sea-ice motion Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 1 km*d-1 5 km 7 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
849 Ocean subsurface dissolved oxygen concentration Bulk 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 μmol kg⁻1   
2 μmol kg⁻1   
3 km
20 km
7 d
10 y
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
850 pCO2 Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 2 microatm 500 km
1000 km
7 d
10 y
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS IP are goal values.
851 Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) Bulk 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 2.0E-6 μmol kg⁻1  1000 km
2000 km
10 y Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
852 Ocean subsurface tracers Bulk 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.005 %
0.5 %
1000 
2000 
1 y
10 y
Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
853 Water-leaving spectral radiance Sea surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 5 % 24 h Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level.
854 Ocean chlorophyll concentration Bulk 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 4 km 7 d Global reasonable 2019-10-15 GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016) Requirements in the GCOS-200 IP, Annex A, are only specified at the goal level. Uncertainty in GCOS IP is expressed in a different unit
858 Cloud top pressure Cloud-top 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 15 hPa
50 hPa
3 hPa
15 hPa
50 km 3 h Global reasonable 2020-03-05 AOPC GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)
860 Snow depth Land surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.1 cm 0.1 cm 1 km 24 h Global reasonable 2020-03-05 TOPC GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)
986 Upward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface Near Surface 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 1 W/m2
5 W/m2
10 W/m2
0.5
0.2 W/m2
0.5 W/m2
1 W/m2
0.5
10 km
50 km
100 km
0.5
60 min
24 h
30 d
0.5

30 d
Global reasonable 2023-04-26 GCOS-245: The 2022 ECVs Requirements (GCOS-245) Requirements for uncertainty are specified at 2-sigma.
1079 Air Thickness TC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 0.5 Global reasonable 2024-08-22 J van der Meulen required for Actinometric data
859 Total lightning stroke density TrC 2.5 Atmospheric Climate Monitoring 10 km 24 h Global tentative 2020-03-05 AOPC GCOS-200: The Global Observing System for Climate: Implementation Needs (Published 2016)