BackForwardInstrument:  LSTM 

Instrument details
Acronym LSTM
Full name Land Surface Temperature Monitoring
Purpose To monitor evapotranspiration through the variability of Land Surface Temperature; and (complementary) to map soil composition and other variables.
Short description VIS/NIR/SWIR/TIR radiometer with up to 24 channels, 11 for the primary mission (6 VNIR + 5 TIR), 13 for the secondary mission [see details below]
Background Follow-on of the Sentinel-3 SLSTR (Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer).
Scanning Technique Cross-track mechanical scanning, swath 600-700 km.
Resolution 30-50 m at s.s.p.
Coverage / Cycle Global coverage in 2 days.
Mass Power Data Rate

 

Providing Agency ESA
Instrument Maturity Flown on an R&D satellite
Utilization Period: 2029 to 2038
Last update: 2023-06-15
Detailed characteristics

Channel

Wavelength

Bandwidth

SNR @ reference input L or NEΔT

VNIR-0

0.490 µm

65 nm

162 @ 128.00 W m-2 sr-1 µm-1

VNIR-1

0.665 µm

30 nm

142 @ 108.00 W m-2 sr-1 µm-1

VNIR-2

0.865 µm

20 nm

100 @ 52.38 W m-2 sr-1 µm-1

VNIR-3

0.945 µm

20 nm

114 @ 8.77 W m-2 sr-1 µm-1

SWIR-1

1.380 µm

30 nm

100 @ 6.00 W m-2 sr-1 µm-1

SWIR-2

1.610 µm

90 nm

133 @ 4.00 W m-2 sr-1 µm-1

TIR-1

8.6 µm

0.18/0.30 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-2

8.9 µm

0.18/0.30 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-3

9.2 µm

0.18/0.30 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-4

10.9 µm

0.40 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-5

12.0 µm

0.47 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S1

8.2 µm

0.20 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S2

9.1 µm

0.20 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S3

8.63 µm

0.10 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S4

12.63 µm

0.10 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S5

7.5 µm

0.1/02 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S6

12.2 µm

0.1/02 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S7

9.0 µm

0.10 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S8

9.8 µm

0.10 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S9

10.5 µm

0.1/0.2 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S10

10.95 µm

0.1/02 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S11

12.3 µm

0.1/0.2 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S12

9.3 µm

0.1/0.2 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K

TIR-S13

9.53 µm

0.1/0.2 µm

0.1/0.15 K @ 300 K
Satellites this instrument is flying on

Note: a red tag indicates satellites no longer operational, a green tag indicates operational satellites, a blue tag indicates future satellites

Instrument classification
  • Earth observation instrument
  • Passive optical radiometer or spectrometer
  • High resolution optical imager
WIGOS Subcomponents
  • Subcomponent 1
  • IR dual-angle view imagers
  • IR dual-angle view imager
Mission objectives
Primary mission objectives
  • Fraction of vegetated land
  • Integrated Water Vapour (IWV)
  • Land cover
  • Land surface topography
  • Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)
  • Soil type
  • Vegetation type
Evaluation of Measurements

The following list indicates which measurements can typically be retrieved from this category of instrument. To see a full Gap Analysis by Variable, click on the respective variable.

Note: table can be sorted by clicking on the column headers
Note: * Primary mission objective.
VariableRelevance for measuring this variableOperational limitationsExplanation
Biomass4 - fairCloud sensitive.. Index only.. Infrequent coverage.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels. Biomass inferred from NDVI and LAI
Cloud cover2 - very highInfrequent coverage.Channels in VIS, NIR, SWIR and the TIR window around 11 micrometers
Cloud optical depth3 - highLow-density cloud only.. Infrequent coverage.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Cloud top height3 - highInfrequent coverage.TIR channels in the 11 micrometers window and the water vapour band around 6.3 micrometers (for emissivity) to estimate cloud top height from its temperature
Cloud top temperature2 - very highInfrequent coverage.TIR channels in the window around 11 micrometers and the water vapour band around 6.3 micrometers (for emissivity) to estimate cloud top height from its temperature
Cloud type2 - very highInfrequent coverage.Channels in VIS, NIR, SWIR and the TIR window around 11 micrometers
Fire fractional cover1 - primaryCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.VIS and TIR channels
Fire radiative power5 - marginalCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.TIR window channel(s) around 11 micrometers
Fire temperature5 - marginalCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.TIR window channel(s) around 11 micrometers
Fraction of vegetated land*1 - primaryCloud sensitive.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Glacier cover3 - highCloud sensitive.. Long time for mapping.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels, screening ice from clouds
Land cover*1 - primaryCloud sensitive.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Land surface temperature4 - fairCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.TIR split window channels around 11 micrometers for water vapour correction
Leaf Area Index (LAI)2 - very highCloud sensitive.. Daylight only.. Infrequent coverage.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)2 - very highCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.VIS and NIR channels
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)*5 - marginalCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.VIS channels, range undersampled
Sea surface temperature4 - fairCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.TIR split window channels for water vapour correction
Short-wave cloud reflectance4 - fairInfrequent coverage.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels. Unsuitable dynamic range (saturation)
Snow cover1 - primaryCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels, enabling screening snow from clouds
Soil moisture at surface4 - fairCloud sensitive.. Index only.. Infrequent coverage.VIS and TIR window channels. Soil moisture inferred from thermal inertia
Soil type*1 - primaryCloud sensitive.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Specific humidity3 - highCloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.. Middle troposphere only.. Infrequent coverage.TIR channels in the water vapour band around 6.3 micrometers
Integrated Water Vapour (IWV)*2 - very highCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.NIR and TIR channels around 940 nm, 6.3 micrometers and in the 11 micrometers split window
Upward short-wave irradiance at TOA5 - marginalSpectral interpolation needed.. Information on BRDF needed.. Infrequent coverage.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Vegetation type*2 - very highCloud sensitive.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Aerosol volcanic ash5 - marginalCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Aerosol volcanic ash Total Column5 - marginalCloud sensitive.. Infrequent coverage.. Daylight only.VIS, NIR and SWIR channels
Sea-ice cover2 - very highCloud sensitive.VIS, NIR (for contour enhancement), SWIR (for discrimination from clouds) and TIR channels