WMO OSCAR | Details for Instrument HIRAS-2

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Instrument: HIRAS-2

Instrument details

Acronym	HIRAS-2
Full name	Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder - 2
Purpose	Temperature/humidity sounding, ozone profile and total-column green-house gases
Short description	Michelson interferometer with continuous spectral coverage from 650 - 2550 cm^-1 with 3041 channels at 0.625 cm^-1 unapodised spectral resolution. Specified radiometric accuracy is 0.2-0.4K for LWIR, 0.2-0.3K for MWIR and 0.3-0.5K for SWIR channels. Calibration monitoring here
Background	Improved after HIRAS flown on FY-3D (denser sampling and uninterrupted spectral range).
Scanning Technique	28 fields of regard/scan line, with 3 x 3 pixel arrays giving 28 x 9 pixels per scan line; swath 50.4 degrees (2000 km).
Resolution	1 degree (14 km at s.s.p.) IFOV
Coverage / Cycle	Global, twice/day
Mass		Power	Data Rate

Providing Agency	CMA
Instrument Maturity	Flown on operational programme
Utilization Period:	2021 to 2035
Last update:	2024-09-09

Detailed characteristics

Satellites this instrument is flying on

Note: a red tag indicates satellites no longer operational, a green tag indicates operational satellites, a blue tag indicates future satellites

Feng-Yun - 3 (CMA)
- FY-3E (see instrument status) Oct 2021 - 2027
- FY-3F (see instrument status) Aug 2023 - 2029
- FY-3H (see instrument status) 2025 - 2033
- FY-3J (see instrument status) Jan 2027 - 2035

Instrument classification

Earth observation instrument
Passive optical radiometer or spectrometer
Cross-nadir infrared sounder, possibly including VIS channels

WIGOS Subcomponents

Subcomponent 1
IR hyperspectral sounders [in SSO]
IR hyperspectral sounder [in SSO]

Mission objectives

Primary mission objectives

Atmospheric temperature
Height of the top of PBL
Height of the tropopause
Integrated Water Vapour (IWV)
Specific humidity
Temperature of the tropopause

Evaluation of Measurements

The following list indicates which measurements can typically be retrieved from this category of instrument. To see a full Gap Analysis by Variable, click on the respective variable.

Note: table can be sorted by clicking on the column headers
Note: * Primary mission objective.

Search:

Variable	Relevance for measuring this variable	Operational limitations	Explanation
Cloud top temperature	1 - primary	Discontinuous coverage.	TIR spectrometry in window and water vapour band (for emissivity)
Downward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface	1 - primary	Cloud sensitive.. Highly indirect.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry including water vapour and CO2 bands
Long-wave Earth surface emissivity	1 - primary	Cloud sensitive.. Long time series needed.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry measuring land temperature in many windows. Emissivity inferred by statistical analysis
Sea surface temperature	1 - primary	Cloud sensitive.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry (inclusive of several narrow-bandwidth windows and absorption bands for atmospheric corrections)
Specific humidity*	1 - primary	Cloud sensitive.	TIR spectrometry in the water vapour band around 6.3 micrometers
Upward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface	1 - primary	Cloud sensitive.. Highly indirect.	MWIR and TIR channels in windows around 3.7 and 11 micrometers, and in water vapour and CO2 bands around 4,3, 6.3 and 15 micrometers
Atmospheric temperature*	2 - very high	Cloud sensitive.	MWIR spectrometry in the CO2 4.3 micrometer band; TIR in the CO2 15 micrometer band
Cloud top height	2 - very high	Discontinuous coverage.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry in window and water vapour band (for emissivity) to estimate cloud top height from its temperature
H2O	2 - very high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	MWIR/TIR spectrometry in a range centred on 6.3 micrometers
Land surface temperature	2 - very high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse spatial resolution.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry (inclusive of several narrow-bandwidth windows and absorption bands for atmospheric corrections)
PSC occurrence	2 - very high	Coarse vertical resolution.	MWIR and TIR spectroscopy
Integrated Water Vapour (IWV)*	2 - very high	Cloud sensitive.	TIR spectrometry in the bands around 6.3 and above 11 micrometers
Upward spectral radiance at TOA	2 - very high	Missing all Short-waves.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry resolving water vapour lines in the bands around 6.3 micrometers and 11 to 15 micrometers; and other greenhouse gases
C2H2	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. C2H2 lines around 7.5 and 13.7 micrometers
C2H6	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. C2H6 lines around 12 micrometers
CFC-11	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. CFC-11 lines around 9.2 and 11.7 micrometers
CFC-12	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. CFC-12 lines around 8.8 and 10.8 micrometers
ClONO2	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry. ClONO2 lines around 5.7, 7.7 and 12.5 micrometers
Cloud cover	3 - high	Discontinuous coverage.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry
CO2 mole fraction	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. CO2 lines around 15 micrometers
COS	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. COS lines around 11.6 micrometers
HNO3	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry. HNO3 lines around 5.9, 7.6 and 11.3 micrometers
O3	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. Ozone band around 9.7 micrometers
O3 Total Column	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.	TIR channel(s). Ozone lines in band around 9.7 micrometers
PAN	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse spatial resolution.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry. PAN lines around 5.7, 8.6 and 12.5 micrometers
SF6	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. SF6 lines around 10.5 micrometers
SO2	3 - high	Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution.	TIR spectrometry. SO2 lines around 7.3 and 8.6 micrometers
Upward long-wave irradiance at TOA	3 - high	Spectral interpolation needed.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry in the windows regions around 3.7 and 11 micrometers, and in water vapour and CO2 bands around 4,3, 6.3 and 15 micrometers
Wind (horizontal)	3 - high	Limited to high latitudes.. Cloud sensitive.	TIR spectrometry in the 6.3 micrometers band. Wind profile in clear air by tracking water vapour patches in the humidity profile
Cloud type	4 - fair	Discontinuous coverage.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry
Height of the top of PBL*	4 - fair	Cloud sensitive.	MWIR and TIR spectrometry. Height of PBL top from temperature profile
SO2 Total Column	4 - fair	Cloud sensitive.	TIR spectrometry. SO2 lines around 7.3 and 8.6 micrometers
Temperature of the tropopause*	4 - fair	Cloud sensitive.	TIR spectrometry. Tropopause temperature from temperature profile
Height of the tropopause*	5 - marginal	Cloud sensitive.	TIR spectrometry. Height of tropopause from temperature profile
NO2 Total Column	5 - marginal	Along-track only.. Cloud sensitive.	TIR spectrometry. NO2 lines around 6.1 micrometers

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