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Instrument details
Acronym
SOUNDER (INSAT)
Full name
INSAT Sounder
Purpose
Temperature/humidity sounding
Short description
19 channels (including one VIS) [see detailed characteristics below]
Background
New development
Scanning Technique
Mechanical, bi-axial, 3-axis stabilised satellite, step-and-dwell
Resolution
10 km
Coverage / Cycle
6400 km x 6400 km2 in 3 h. Smaller areas in correspondingly shorter time intervals
Mass
147 kg
Power
76 W
Data Rate
40 kbps
Providing Agency
ISRO
Instrument Maturity
Backed by strong heritage
Utilization Period:
2013-10-15 to 2020
Last update:
2017-03-29
Detailed characteristics
Wavelength Wave number Bandwidth SNR or NE Δ T @ specified input 14.67 µm
682 cm-1
13 cm-1
0.17 K @ 300 K
14.32 µm
699 cm-1
13 cm-1
0.16 K @ 300 K
14.04 µm
712 cm-1
13 cm-1
0.15 K @ 300 K
13.64 µm
733 cm-1
16 cm-1
0.12 K @ 300 K
13.32 µm
751 cm-1
16 cm-1
0.12 K @ 300 K
12.62 µm
793 cm-1
30 cm-1
0.07 K @ 300 K
11.99 µm
834 cm-1
50 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
11.04 µm
906 cm-1
50 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
9.72 µm
1029 cm-1
25 cm-1
0.10 K @ 300 K
7.44 µm
1344 cm-1
55 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
7.03 µm
1422 cm-1
80 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
6.53 µm
1531 cm-1
60 cm-1
0.10 K @ 300 K
4.58 µm
2184 cm-1
23 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
4.53 µm
2209 cm-1
23 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
4.46 µm
2241 cm-1
23 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
4.13 µm
2420 cm-1
40 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
3.98 µm
2510 cm-1
40 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
3.76 µm
2658 cm-1
100 cm-1
0.05 K @ 300 K
0.695 µm
14367 cm-1
0.05 µm
1800 @ 100 % albedo
Satellites this instrument is flying on
Note: a red tag indicates satellites no longer operational, a
green tag indicates operational satellites, a blue tag indicates
future satellites
Instrument classification
Earth observation instrument Passive optical radiometer or spectrometer Cross-nadir infrared sounder, possibly including VIS channels
WIGOS Subcomponents
No WIGOS subcomponents have been defined.
Mission objectives
Primary mission objectives Atmospheric temperature Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) Specific humidity Secondary mission objectives
Opportunity objectives Cloud top height Cloud top temperature Cloud type Downward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface Land surface temperature O3 Total Column Upward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface Upward long-wave irradiance at TOA Show all Show fewer
Tentative Evaluation of Measurements
The following list indicates which measurements can typically be
retrieved from this category of instrument. To see a full Gap Analysis by Variable,
click on the respective variable.
Note: table can be sorted by clicking on the column headers
Variable Relevance for measuring this variable Operational limitations Explanation
Atmospheric temperature 3 - high Cloud sensitive.. Coarse vertical resolution. Several MWIR and TIR channels in the 4.3 and 15 micrometer bands. Frequent sampling (GEO) enables monitoring instability onset
Cloud cover 4 - fair Discontinuous coverage. MWIR and TIR channels
Cloud top height 2 - very high Discontinuous coverage. TIR channels in window and water vapour band (for emissivity) for temperature; and in CO2 band for atmospheric column above cloud top
Cloud top temperature 2 - very high Discontinuous coverage. TIR channels in window and water vapour band (for emissivity)
Cloud type 4 - fair Discontinuous coverage. MWIR and TIR channels
Downward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface 3 - high Cloud sensitive.. Highly indirect. MWIR and TIR channels including water vapour and CO2 bands
Land surface temperature 3 - high Cloud sensitive.. Coarse spatial resolution. MWIR and TIR channels in windows and absorption bands for atmospheric corrections
O3 Total Column 5 - marginal Cloud sensitive. TIR channel(s). Ozone lines in band around 9.7 micrometers. Frequent sampling (GEO) enables monitoring diurnal variations
Sea surface temperature 2 - very high Cloud sensitive. MWIR and TIR window channels (cloud impact reduction, water vapour correction)
Specific humidity 3 - high Cloud sensitive.. Very coarse vertical resolution.. Middle troposphere only. TIR channels in the water vapour band around 6.3 micrometers
Integrated Water Vapour (IWV) 3 - high Cloud sensitive.. Inaccurate in high troposphere. TIR channels around 6.3 micrometers and in the 11 micrometers split window
Upward long-wave irradiance at TOA 4 - fair Spectral interpolation needed. MWIR and TIR channels in windows around 3.7 and 11 micrometers, and in water vapour and CO2 bands around 4,3, 6.3 and 15 micrometers
Upward long-wave irradiance at Earth surface 3 - high Cloud sensitive.. Highly indirect. MWIR and TIR channels in windows around 3.7 and 11 micrometers, and in water vapour and CO2 bands around 4,3, 6.3 and 15 micrometers
Instrument: SOUNDER (INSAT)